Jump directly to the content
THE LEGACY OF SLAVERY

Incredible images reveal the poverty and deprivation of plantation workers in America’s Deep South in the 1930s

The pictures are incredibly poignant today, but some historians view them as US government propaganda

THE harsh reality of life on plantations in the Deep South in 1930s America has been revealed in a series of stunning colour pictures.

The incredible images show black labourers baking under the blazing sun, picking cotton and cutting Burley tobacco - before putting it on sticks to wilt in the curing and drying barn.

 A family sit on the porch of their house in the Bayou Bourbeau plantation, in Louisiana, 1940
19
A family sit on the porch of their house in the Bayou Bourbeau plantation, in Louisiana, 1940Credit: Media Drum World
 Workers cutting Burley tobacco and putting it on sticks to wilt before taking it into the curing and drying barn on the Russell Spears' farm in Lexington, Kentucky
19
Workers cutting Burley tobacco and putting it on sticks to wilt before taking it into the curing and drying barn on the Russell Spears' farm in Lexington, KentuckyCredit: Media Drum World
 Three children sit on the porch of their house at the Bayou Bourbeau plantation
19
Three children sit on the porch of their house at the Bayou Bourbeau plantationCredit: Media Drum World
 A group of labourers outside a juke joint during slack season, in Belle Grade, Florida
19
A group of labourers outside a juke joint during slack season, in Belle Grade, FloridaCredit: Media Drum World
 Mountaineers and farmers trading mules and horses on Jockey St. near the Court House, Campton, Wolfe County, Kentucky
19
Mountaineers and farmers trading mules and horses on Jockey St. near the Court House, Campton, Wolfe County, KentuckyCredit: Media Drum World

The pictures show the stark difference between the lives of black and white residents, as well as the poverty and malnourishment which remained as an enduring legacy of slavery.

Some shots show the workers during their 'down time' - relaxing on a porch on a Bayou Bourbeau plantation, fishing at the creek and hanging out outside a 'juke joint',  a place for dancing, drinking and gambling.

While the black labourers toil in the fields, other images show white farmers and townspeople gathering in the centre of town on Court Day in a scene reminiscent of Harper Lee's legendary novel To Kill a Mocking Bird.

 The backyard of a black tenant's home at the Marcella Plantation in Mileston, Mississippi Delta
19
The backyard of a black tenant's home at the Marcella Plantation in Mileston, Mississippi DeltaCredit: Media Drum World
 Workers cut crops on Bayou Bourbeau Farmstead Association, in Louisiana
19
Workers cut crops on Bayou Bourbeau Farmstead Association, in LouisianaCredit: Media Drum World
 A crossroads store, bar, juke joint, and gas station in the cotton plantation area, Melrose, Louisiana
19
A crossroads store, bar, juke joint, and gas station in the cotton plantation area, Melrose, LouisianaCredit: Media Drum World
 Taking Burley tobacco in from the fields after it had been cut, to dry and cure in the barn, on the Russell Spears' farm, in Lexington, Kentucky
19
Taking Burley tobacco in from the fields after it had been cut, to dry and cure in the barn, on the Russell Spears' farm, in Lexington, KentuckyCredit: Media Drum World
 A dilapidated worker's home which is being overtaken by sunflowers in Rodney, Mississippi
19
A dilapidated worker's home which is being overtaken by sunflowers in Rodney, MississippiCredit: Media Drum World
 Burley tobacco is placed on sticks to wilt after cutting, before it is taken into the brn for drying and curing, on the Russell Spears' farm, in Lexington, Kentucky
19
Burley tobacco is placed on sticks to wilt after cutting, before it is taken into the brn for drying and curing, on the Russell Spears' farm, in Lexington, KentuckyCredit: Media Drum World

Although the images are striking and eye-opening to us today - they are, according to some historians, also works of "propaganda".

At the time they were taken, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's bold New Deal, his plans to lift America out of the Great Depression, needed more public support.

For the first time, an American government was moved to listen to the needs of the suffering population.

 Workers fishing in a creek near the cotton plantation at Belzoni, Mississippi
19
Workers fishing in a creek near the cotton plantation at Belzoni, MississippiCredit: Media Drum World
 A Coca-Cola store near a plantation in Natchez, Mississippi
19
A Coca-Cola store near a plantation in Natchez, MississippiCredit: Media Drum World
 White farmers and townspeople gather in the centre of town on Court Day, in Campton, Kentucky
19
White farmers and townspeople gather in the centre of town on Court Day, in Campton, KentuckyCredit: Media Drum World
 Day labourers picking cotton near Clarksdale, Mississippi
19
Day labourers picking cotton near Clarksdale, MississippiCredit: Media Drum World
 A truck transports labourers to work in Mississippi
19
A truck transports labourers to work in MississippiCredit: Media Drum World

Marion Post Wolcott, whose images are shown in this article, was one of the photographers charged with documenting the deprivation which 'proved' the New Deal was needed.

"As an FSA documentary photographer, I was committed to changing the attitudes of people by familiarising America with the plight of the underprivileged, especially in rural America," she is quoted as saying in a University of Virginia biographical sketch.

"FSA photographs shocked and aroused public opinion to increase support for the New Deal policies and projects, and played an important part in the social revolution of the 30s."

 A couple and their child walk in the blazing sun at Marcella Plantation, Mileston, Mississippi
19
A couple and their child walk in the blazing sun at Marcella Plantation, Mileston, MississippiCredit: Media Drum World
 Day labourers picking cotton near Clarksdale, Mississippi
19
Day labourers picking cotton near Clarksdale, MississippiCredit: Media Drum World
 Farmers trade their mules and horses at market
19
Farmers trade their mules and horses at marketCredit: Media Drum World

The team of photographers produced 270,000 pictures between 1935 and 1943, costing the government £780,000 ($1 million) - an absolutely enormous sum in those days.

One historian, also writing for the University of Virginia, said: "Could the FSA photographs, allegedly unadulterated and objectively snapped, be art, or, rather, did they represent purely propagandistic material? The answer encompasses both views."

Topics